作者：籍万杰
倒装可分为"全部倒装"和"部分倒装"。句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。因此,弄清具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。
一、全部倒装
将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为全部倒装。常见的有:
1. 用于"there(here,now,then)+不及物动词+主语"的句型中,或以in,out,down,up,away等副词开头的句子里,以示强调。如:
There goes the bell.
注意:当上面的主语是人称代词时,尽管副词位于句首,主谓语序不倒装。
2. 表示方位意义的介词短语或副词短语位于句首作状语,谓语动词为be、表示"位于、存在"的动词或"位置移动"的单个不及物动词时。如:
From the valley came a frightening sound.
3. 作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语放在句首时。如:
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
二、部分倒装
将谓语的一部分(即情态动词、系动词或助动词)提到主语前的称部分倒装。如果句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词,谓语只是一个实义动词,要在主语前加助动词do, does或did,主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的有:
1. 当"so (such)..."结构中的so或such位于句首时,构成部分倒装句。
[原题再现]
So difficult ________ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
答案: D
2. 当具有否定意义的词(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case / way, at no time, etc.)位于句首时,要用部分倒装。
[原题再现]
________ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
答案: B
注意:not until引导的从句位于句首时,not until引导的从句不倒装,主句倒装。
3. only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,要用部分倒装。注意:only修饰状语从句时,主句中倒装,从句中不倒装;only修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装语序。
[原题再现]
Only when your identity has been checked, ________.
A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
答案: D
4. 当as / though引导让步状语从句时,可出现"名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 分词 + as + 主语 + 动词"或"动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词"的倒装形式。当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。
[原题再现]
________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
答案: C
5. 当however, no matter how引导让步状语从句时,常把however / no matter how + 形容词 / 副词放在句首,此时主谓不倒装。
[原题再现]
You should try to get a good night's sleep ________ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever
答案: A