Unit 1-2 Good friends & English around the world
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
引申词汇: honesty, bravery, loyalty, wisdom, argument, classical, classic, survival， pronunciation,
词法：
1. quality: n.质量，品质，特点, 作质量讲，不可数，作品质和特点讲，可数。
He has all the qualities of a successful business man.
Quality is more important than quantity.
One quality of wood is that it can burn.
2. loyal: adj. 忠诚的，忠贞的，(常用搭配：be loyal to …对……忠诚)
They are loyal supporters. He is loyal to his country.
3. handsome ,beautiful , pretty区别.
这四个单词之间有区别,但区别不大,beautiful一般指女子的“美”,handsome指男子相貌等方面长得“英俊”或女子健美的, pretty指女子“小巧玲珑”的“美”。
4. wise；clever；smart区别
wise意为“聪明；英明”，它常用来说明一个人有智慧，有远见，有谋略；也可指由于知识、经验丰富及良好的判断能力而正确对待或处理人和事，常用于正式、客气的场合。注意：它多用来说明名人或伟人。例如： a wise saying 至理名言 The people had considered Abraham Lincoln to be a great leader，and a wise，kind and honest man.亚伯拉罕-林肯是人民公认的伟大领袖，一个英明、慈祥、诚实的人。 clever表示“聪明；灵巧”时，指人或动物的脑子灵活；指做成的事物时，常含有巧妙的意思；clever是一个常用词，用得最广。例如： People love to see the clever monkey.人们爱看这只聪明的猴子。 That is a clever plan.那是个巧妙的计划。 smart与clever同义，但更强调机敏的，精明的。另外， 还有“时髦的，整洁的”之意。 例如： You cannot cheat him because he is a smart boy.你骗不了他，因为他是个聪明的男孩 。
smart restaurants 高档餐馆； You look smart in that suit. 你穿上这套衣服显得很精神。 bright意为“聪明；思路敏捷”，它多用来指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语中。例如: She is really a bright little girl.她真是一个聪明的小姑娘。 The bright boy is reading English in the bright room.这个聪明伶俐的男孩在明亮的房间里读英语。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
4. classic, classical 区别
Classic 经典的，优秀的，一流的，典型的，古雅的
A classic movie/work经典影片/作品， a classic example/case 典型的例子/错误， a classic design 古雅的设计
Classical 西方古典的，传统的
A classical composer 古典作曲家 a classical theory 古典学说
5. argue (常用搭配：argue with sb about /over sth, argue for /against doing sth ; argue that …)
Argument 争吵，争论，理由，论点，论据
We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. 我们和服务员就帐单发生了争吵。
There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia. 对安乐死支持和反对者都提出了强有力的论据。
be into sth. 在非正式英语中，该短语表示“对……深感兴趣”，“深深迷上……”
eg. Her two children are into art.
5. alone 与lonely
alone: adj. “独自一人的”表示客观状态，无感情色彩。只能作表语，不能作定语。或指没有朋友的孤独, 寂寞，无依无靠。
adv. “独自、单独”
[注意] alone 用在名词或代词后面的时候表示“只有(only)”
lonely: adj. 表示人“孤独的，寂寞的”； 表示地方“荒凉的，人烟稀少的”，有感情色彩。既可做定语，也可做表语。
eg. (1) I am alone, but I don’t feel lonely.
(2) Chuck lived alone on the lonely island for five years.
(3) We have no idea why he left the company. Tom alone knows the secret.
(4) When people came to know that the girl was connected with the theft, no one liked to stay with her; so she felt very alone and in the end she went to a lonely village to live in.
6. name n. 名字， vt. 命名(常用搭配：name sth/sb after sb, call sb’s names , live up to one’s name )
He was named after his father. 他的名字和他父亲一样。
Chairs, tables, cabinets-you name it, he makes it. 椅子，桌子，橱柜――凡是你说得出的他都能做。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
7. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸免于难，挺过，比。。。活的时间长
I can’t survive on $40 a week. 我一星期４０美圆，无法维持生活。
Many birds didn’t survive the winter. 许多鸟死于这次严冬。
She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了１０年。
８. think about 及其他
Think about 考虑，打算 don’t you ever think about other people? 你难道从来没考虑过别人？
Think for yourself 独立思考；自行决定
Think of sb /sth 想到， 认为
Can anybody think of a ay to raise money? 谁能想出集资的办法？
Politicians are not well thought of.
Think sth out 认真考虑，think sth over 慎重考虑， 仔细盘算； think through 充分考虑，想透； think sth up 想出，发明， think aloud 自言自语； think nothing of it. 别客气； think twice about sth 三思而行。 On second thought(s) 又一想，转念一想。
９. care about 关注，在意，担忧；关心，关怀；
She cares deeply about environmental issues. 她对环境问题深感担忧。
He cares about his employees.他关心他的雇员。
Care for 照顾，照料，非常喜欢
She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
He cared for her more than she realized.
10. share (in ) sth有同样的感情或想法; share sth. (out ) among/ between sb. ; share sth. with sb.
eg. (1) We share the same room.
(2) True friends share in your sorrows as well as your joys.
(3) The teacher shared the books among the students.
(4) I will shall the cost with you.
n. 一份， 份额
eg. I take my share of the cost. 我负担我那部分的费用。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
11. Object n. 物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi. 反对, 拒绝, 抗议 (object to ) vt. 提出...来反对(object that )
I really object to being charged for parking. 我真的反对为停车收费。
He objected that the police had arrested him without sufficient evidence. 他反对说警察没有足够证据就逮捕了他。
12. error n.错误, 过失, 误差解析：(be in error弄错了 stand in error弄错了 by error错误地 fall into an error误入歧途, 犯错误 in error弄错了的 错误地 lead sb. into error使犯错误 make an error出差错, 犯错误 commit an error出差错), 犯错误【同】 mistake 【辨析】 error 强调“违反某一既定标准, 不经心而做了错事, 产生偏差、疏忽或行动上的错误”, 如:an error in judgement判断上的错误。 mistake 指“由于粗心、不注意或在理解、认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误”, 如: I take you as Li Xiaolai. I used your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔
Unit 2 English around the world
13. fly all the day direct from Seattle to London 看direct 和directly 区别
direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables或表示亲自，直接The plane goes direct from London to Houston.
The 10.40 goes direct to Leeds.
I prefer to dael with hi direct. 我更愿意直接跟他打交道。
Direct 其他用法
adj. 径直的, 直接的, 直系的, 直率的, [天]由西向东运行的, 顺行的
vt. 指引, 指示, 指挥, 命令, 导演
vi. 指导, 指挥
They are in direct contact with the hijackers.
the most direct route
Was that remark directed at me?
movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
A police officer was directing the traffic.
The police officers had been directed to search the building.警察奉命搜查大楼。（很正式）
14. at all常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中以加强句子的语气，但在不同的句式中表示不同的意思。用于否定句，意思是“丝毫；根本”；用于疑问句，意思是“到底；究竟”；用于if条件句，意思是“既然；即使”。如I don't like him at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢他。
It seems that women are either invisible in most school textbooks or, when they appear at all, they are seen performing low-status tasks.似乎女性在学校的教科书里没出现， 如果他们真的出现的话，她们也是在做低级的工作。
Why am I here at all? 我究竟在哪里？
They didn' t go there at all.他们根本没去过那地方。
Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要做得好。 Have you read any of the book at all?那本书你到底有没有读一点？ (2)at all有时也用于肯定句,但往往含有否定的意味.如:I'm surprised you came as all.想不到你还是来了.(原以为不会来)
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
15. not really不是这样的。
另外，最高级可被序数词以及by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest．
16. （1）at home在此表示“舒适；无拘束”，常与 be， feel或 make等动词连用。如：Please sit down and make yourself at home.请坐下别拘束。 She always felt at home in the old hotel. 她住在那老旅馆总觉得舒适自在。 (2)at home还可表示“在家；在国内”，或表示“精通；熟悉”，常与 in，on或 with等介词连用。如： Are your parents at home？你的父母在家吗？ She is at home in modem music.她精通现代音乐。
17. majority n. 多数,大部分。作主语，强调整体时，使用单数动词；若强调团体中的每个分子，则动词用复数形式。
The majority is (are ) against the plan. 大多数人都反对这个计划。
majority常用于a/the majority of … ……的多数。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分书收藏在楼上。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康有害。
The majority of people seem to enjoying watching the football game.大多数人似乎都喜欢看足球赛。
major adj. 主要的；重要的；一流的
majority与 most的比较：
majority n. 常与冠词连用，表示“……中的大多数”用a/the majority of + 名词或代词。 most用作不定代词或形容词，表示“大多数”可用most + 名词或most of + the + 名词或most of + 代词。
e.g. A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most people seem to prefer TV to radio.
Most of the people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大多数人似乎都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
Most of them speak English.他们中的大多数人说英语。
Most classical music sends me to sleep.古典音乐我大多听着听着就睡着了。
It rained for the most of the summer.夏天大部分时间都下雨。
18. total n. 总数。in total = in all = altogether总共，总计。
That will cost you 7.50 pounds in total.你总共要花7.50英磅。
In total, there are 250.000 books in the library.图书馆里总共有二十五万册图书。
adj. 整个的，全部的，总数的。
What is the total cost of our trip to the seaside?
v. 总数为，加起来是。
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home.
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
19. more than 更多，不仅仅， 非常
I like her more than her husband. 我比较喜欢她，不喜欢她丈夫。
Signing the forms is little more than (= only=no more than) a formality. 在表格上签名仅仅是一种形式。
I’m more than happy (= extremely happy) to take you there in my car. 我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。
She was more than a little shaken (= extremely shaken) by the experience. 这次经历对她产生了巨大的震动。
20. except , except for , 区别 （160页教材解析）
Except经常引起同类事物中被排除的一项。 Except for 用来引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。后面的名词与前面的名词经常不是同一类。
He goes to work every day ____rainy days.
A. except on B. except for C. but that D. besides 答案是A。
He is a good man except for hot temper.
And now it's almost finished, except for one last job.
Except for Governmental action, there will be no increase in the cost of your holiday.
besides意思是“除……之外（还有）…..”,其内涵是“加上”。
e.g. Do you know other language besides German?
Li Lei also went to the park besides you.
except that (wh-) 其后需加从句，用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。可以与except for互换。
e.g. Your composition is well-written except that there are some spelling mistakes.
I usually go to school by bike except when it rains.
21. stay up 不睡觉，熬夜，不倒塌。
The student stayed up all night to study.
Tell him to stay up until I get home.
Some strong houses stayed up in the earthquake.
22. difficulty (have difficulty(in) doing做某事有困难（费力）。)做可数名词时，表示“一件困难的事”，做不可数名词时，表示“困难”。
eg. (1) Do you have any difficulty in learning English?你学英语很吃力吗？
(2) Everyone in the town knew him , so we had no difficulty in finding his house.
城里人人都认识他，所以，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
如果difficulty后接名词时，名词前面要加with，即have difficulty with something。同样的用法还有：be busy doing something, be busy with something。help somebody (to) do something, help somebody with something。
另外，difficulty还可以用trouble或problem替换。
23. come about（某情况）发生
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about. 有时候很难解释争吵发生的原因。
I will never understand how it came about that you were on hour late on such a short journey.
我真不懂这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。
表示“发生”的动词和动词词组还有：happen, take place, break out等。这些动词或动词词组都是不及物动词的性质，因此，都没有被动语态。
引申：come 其他词组
Come to 涉及，说到 (when it comes to …) 达到（come to nothing 没有结果）苏醒(come to oneself)
How come….. 怎么回事？If she spent 5 years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?
Come across 偶然遇见， （被理解，被弄懂，给人以。。。印象）
Come after sb 追赶，追随
Come along 一起来，快点 I’m glad you come along. Come along! We are late already!
come at 扑向， come back 回来，回想起 come down 下来，得病（come down with）come on 加油，催促 come out 出现，出版 come over 顺便来访， come up （植物）发芽，（问题等）出现，发生
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
24. up 最后有某种结局，最后成了，结束。
If you go on like this you’ll end up in prison. 如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
He ended up as the head of the firm.
At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married. 起初他们互相仇恨，到后来却成了夫妻。
引申：end in sth 以。。。结尾，末端是
The word I’m thinking of ends in ‘-ous’. 我想到的词以ous 结尾。
Their long struggle ended in failure. 他们的长期斗争以失败告终。
句法
1. nor do I like computers.
So is skiing
常用的表示“也”的句型：肯定：so +be /do ／have+主语 否定：neither /nor +be/do/have +主语, so it is with me
1) If you don’t go, neither will I.
2) - Do you know Tom bought a new car?
- I don't know, _______.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
3) It is such a difficult task and I am afraid I can’t complete it in time. ---So it is with me.
4) She is such a lovely girl. ---So she is.
5) The teacher told us to improve our listening, and so we did.
2. 直接引语和间接引语
直接引语/间接引语答题技巧：
一字不改地引述的别人的话，叫做直接引语；用说话人自己的话转述的别人的话，叫做间接引语。
e.g. “ I can see him now,” the boss said. (直接引语)
The boss said that he could see you now. (间接引语)
直接引语变为间接引语会产生以下的变化：
1． 时态的变化 主句和从句的时必须保持一致 （现在对现在；过去对过去）
2． 人称的变化 从句的人称根据主句的主语的着眼点来决定（you---I/me/we/us）
3． 时间状语的变化 now---then; today----that day; tonight---that night; yesterday---the day before; the day before yesterday---two days before; three days ago---three days before; tomorrow---the next day; the day after tomorrow---in two days’ time; next week/year etc.---the next week/year etc.
4． 个别词的变化 this---that; these----those; come---go; bring---take